储存
Storage
如果阀门在出厂三个月后没有使用，就应该开始采用长期储存方法，避免阀门性能退化。关于长期储存方法的细节，请咨询美国太平洋阀门公司。
If valves are not put into service within three
months after factory shipment, long term storage measures should be initiated
to preclude valve deterioration. Contact Pacific Valves for details regarding
long term storage procedures.
安装
Installation
搬运处理—阀门应该安装在清洁的管道上。利用所配置的提升凸耳。如果没有配置凸耳，则应该采用吊索。绝对不能用手轮或阀杆来提升阀门。
HANDLING—Valves
should always be installed in clean lines. Use lifting lugs where provided.
If lugs are not provided, slings should be used. VALVES MUST NEVER BE
LIFTED BY HANDWHEELS OR STEMS.
焊接端口阀门—焊接端口阀门应该采用ANSI B31.1至B31.8类似的程序的正确焊接方法进行安装。要小心谨慎，不要使得阀体过热。在焊接期间，阀座区域的温度超过204oC，就可能导致阀座变形和泄漏。在焊接期间，阀门应该是装配好的，并且处于关闭状态，以最大限度支撑和保护阀座表面。在操作阀门之前，应该清洗掉管道和阀门内部的焊接碎屑。
WELD END VALVES—Weld
end valves should be installed using proper welding practices similar
to procedures covered in ANSI B31.1 through B31.8. Care must be taken
not to overheat valve bodies. Temperatures exceeding 400oF
in the seat area of the valves during welding may cause seat distortion
and leakage. During the welding operation, the valve should be assembled
and in the closed position for maximum support and protection of seating
surfaces. Weld debris should be cleaned from line and valve internals
before operating valves.
维护
Maintenance
法兰阀帽连接—在工厂装配期间，阀门的阀帽连接已经按照规格说明结构要求组装完毕。但是，由于连接材料的弹性特性，不同的应用环境会影响到螺栓应力，从而导致出现阀帽泄漏的问题。内部压力、温度和外部管道负载可能影响阀帽的密封，因此必须采取某些预防措施来防止连接部位的泄漏。在操作期间，管道压力倾向于释放垫圈负载。所有螺栓连接都应该定期检查，并需要重新紧固。
FLANGED BONNET JOINT—Valve
bonnet joints are assembled to design specifications at the time of factory
assembly. However, because of the flexible nature of joint materials,
varying applications can affect bolt stress and cause bonnet leakage problems.
Internal pressure, temperature and external piping loads can affect the
bonnet seal and certain precautions must be taken to prevent joint leakage.
Line pressure tends to relieve gasket loads during operation. All bolted
joints should be inspected periodically and retorqued as needed.
工厂装配是在常温下进行。但是，许多实际应用是在更高的温度下进行。对于那些可能发生螺栓蠕变的条件(在应力下 - 随着温度的升高而增加)，建议在第一次系统关闭后重新紧固阀帽螺栓。如果是在温度超过260oC的应用环境中，则无论是否关闭系统，都应该在第100小时后重新紧固螺栓。
Factory assembly takes place at ambient temperatures.
However, many actual service conditions are at elevated temperatures.
For conditions where bolting creep (elongation under stress—increasing
with higher temperatures) can occur, it is recommended that bonnet bolting
be retorqued after the first shutdown of the system. For services over
500oF, retorque bolts during the first 100 hours regardless
of whether or not shutdown has occurred.
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由于通常阀门总成在安装前都会储存很长一段时期，上述的考虑也都适用。这意味着在长期储存后需要足够的开启之前的扭矩。
Because valve assemblies are often stored
for long periods before installation, the above considerations are
also applicable. This means torquing before start-up is required
if prolonged storage occurs.
当管道负载变得超负荷，特别是ANSI压力等级较低的阀门，可能出现阀门的变形。为了防止这种情况的发生，要检查阀门和管道总成，确保不会发生管道未对准的情况。为了消除未对准情况，需要采用外部管道支撑。
Distortion of valves, especially lower ANSI
pressure classes, can occur when piping loads become excessive.
To prevent this situation, inspect valve and piping assemblies to
insure against piping misalignment. External pipe supports should
be used to eliminate misalignment.
无论是否拆卸阀门，都应该对阀帽进行维护。紧固螺栓是确保不泄漏的最有效的方法。但是，正如表中注释所指出的，特殊的应用条件可能需要改变扭矩。如果需要更加严格的方法，请咨询美国太平洋阀门公司。没有事先联系美国太平洋阀门公司，并获得工厂的保证，绝对不要拆卸阀门。否则将造成质量保证无效。如果阀门拆卸后，阀帽垫圈，除了未损坏的环连接种类以外，不应该重新使用。
Bonnet maintenance should, whenever possible,
be accomplished without disassembling the valves. Retorquing bolts
is the most effective means of insuring against leaks. However,
as pointed out in the chart notes, special conditions may require
torque modifications. Consult Pacific Valves when more exacting
means are required. NEVER DISASSEMBLE VALVES COVERED BY FACTORY
WARRANTY WITHOUT PREVIOUSLY
CONTACTING PACIFIC VALVES. FAILURE TO DO SO MAY VOID WARRANTY. Bonnet
gaskets, other than undamaged ring joint type, should not be reused
if valves are disassembled.
填料—为了防止泄露，应该定期检查阀门填料。紧固调整可能是有效的，但是要小心谨慎，不要使得填料处于过紧状态，否则会导致阀门操作扭矩过大。有时需要增加或更换填料。
PACKING—Valve
packing should be checked periodically to prevent leakage. Tightening
adjustments may be sufficient, but care should be taken not to over
compress packing, which may cause excessive valve operating torque.
From time to time packing may need to be added or replaced.
润滑油—在配置润滑附件的地方，都应该对阀门进行定期的润滑。阀杆螺纹必须覆盖润滑脂，避免导致损坏和扭矩过大。阀杆螺纹或轭架套筒没有润滑的阀门绝对不应该操作。
LUBRICATION—Where
lube fittings are provided, valves should be lubricated periodically.
Stem threads must be bushed with lubricant to avoid damage and excessive
torque from developing.
Valves should never be operated with unlubricated stem threads or
yoke sleeves.
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预防措施
Precautions
在安装美国太平洋阀门之前，核对阀门上的永久性金属铭牌上的参数和其它各种附着的与购买订单有关的标签，确保阀门在结构和材料上符合应用环境的要求。在使用前确保阀门在工厂制造期间是全新的产品。所有新的美国太平洋阀门都有一个在工厂运输期间，针对工艺和材料缺陷的有限质量保证，但是这种保证在阀门被以任何方式改变后就变得无效。请参阅报价单中有关有限质量保证的范围。
Before installing a Pacific valve check
the data on the permanently affixed metal nameplate and any other
attached tag against the purchase order, to assure that the valve
is of the design and material required for the intended service.
Make sure that the valve is new and in the factory as built condition
prior to use. All new Pacific valves carry a limited warranty against
defects in workmanship and materials at time of factory shipment,
but such warranty is voided when valves are changed in any way.
Please see scope of limited warranty as set forth in the quotation.
虽然所有美国太平洋阀门都经过工厂检测，并确保符合行业标准和订购规格说明，但是最终还是可能出现退化或磨损，从而导致泄露或功能失效。预防性维护计划，包括定期检查填料、垫圈和阀座等主要措施，以减少这些问题的发生。影响阀门使用寿命的因素包括，但不一定局限在下列因素：
While all Pacific valves are tested at the
factory to insure compliance with industry standards and purchase
specifications, they will eventually experience deterioration or
wear which could cause leakage or malfunction. A preventative maintenance
program, including periodic inspection of packing, gaskets and seats
is a key to reducing the occurrence of these problems. Factors that
affect valve service life include but are not necessarily limited
to, the following:
- 对于所打算应用的环境选择适当的结构和材料。
Selection of proper design and materials
for the intended service.
- 频繁的开启和关闭。
Frequency of opening and closing.
- 流体介质包括腐蚀性和/或侵蚀性。
Corrosive and/or erosive properties of the
contained fluid.
- 工作压力和温度。
Service pressure and temperature.
- 操作时合理的小心谨慎(例如，避免手轮过紧)。
Reasonable care in operation (e.g., avoidance
of overtightening of the handwheel).
- 用户系统所能够容忍的泄漏程度，如果有的话。
Degree of leakage, if any, that the user’s
system can tolerate.
- 正确的安装和维护。
Proper installation and maintenance,
如果需要了解有关维护或应用方面的特殊建议，请咨询美国太平洋阀门公司。
For specific recommendations on maintenance
or service consult Pacific Valves. |
建议螺栓扭矩
Recommended Bolt Torques |
螺栓直径
(英寸)
Bolt Dia.
In. |
扭矩(英尺磅)
+/-6%
Torque-Ft/lbs
+/-6% |
螺栓直径
(英寸)
Bolt Dia.
In. |
扭矩(英尺磅)
+/-6%
Torque-Ft/lbs
+/-6% |
1/2
9/16
5/8
3/4
7/8
1
11/8
11/4 |
65
95
135
230
360
535
815
1125 |
13/8
11/2
15/8
13/4
2
21/2
23/4 |
1525
1900
2540
3240
4990
8525
10525 |
- 螺栓应该以星形模式逐渐紧固，以防止法兰竖起和垫圈压力不平衡。
Bolts should be progressively tightened in a star
pattern to prevent cocking of the flange and uneven gasket pressure.
- 所列的扭矩值是标准值或适用于合金钢螺栓(屈服强度大约为100,000 psi)，配置在碳钢或中间合金钢阀门上。
Torque values listed are typical or alloy steel
bolts (approximately 100,000 psi yield strength) used with carbon or
intermediate alloy steel valves.
- 由于温度、服饰润滑和螺纹光洁度的影响，拉起连接所需的最后的扭矩可能会有很大的变化。
Final torque required to pull up joint may vary
greatly due to effects of temperature, corrosion, lubrication and thread
finish.
- 在不同材料或结构的阀门上使用，所给螺栓直径所需的扭矩可能不同。如果希望得到最好的结果，可咨询美国太平洋阀门公司征求建议。
Torque requirements for a given bolt diameter
may not be the same when used on valves of different material or special
design. For best results consult Pacific Valves for recommendation.
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