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Page 120		 法兰连接
FLANGED CONNECTIONS
美国斯毕尔公司
 
　　法兰作为连接方式广泛应用在设计要求可拆卸系统部件的地方。这些地方包括需要定期系统维修，预计需要系统改造或加装，以及需要临时性部件连接，等等。对于工业蝶阀，法兰还是标准连接方式。
　　Flanges are used extensively for connections where removable system components are designed. Such includes periodic system servicing, anticipated system modification or add-on, and temporary component hookups. Flanges are also the standard connection for industrial butterfly type valves.
     

压力等级
Pressure Ratings

　　在水温23oC条件下，塑料管道法兰设计适用于最大内部压力150 psi的系统中，在将法兰与更高压力等级的部件，如管道或阀门一起使用时，应该考虑到这一点。如同所有热塑性管道材料一样，压力等级是温度的函数。请参阅下表中的“150 psi法兰的温度压力等级”为每个产品规范的压力等级。产品类型和通径变化，压力等级可能存在某些变化。
　　Plastic pipe flanges are designed for system maximum internal pressure of 150 psi, water at 73oF, which must be taken into consideration when using flanges with higher pressure rated components, such as pipe or valves. As with all thermoplastic piping materials, pressure rating is a function of temperature. Refer to "Temperature Pressure Rating for 150 psi Flanges" chart below and that specified for individual products. Certain variations may exist according to product type and size.

螺栓孔和模式
Bolt Holes & Pattern

　　根据美国国家标准协会ANSI B16.5标准，螺栓模式和螺栓孔数量与Class 150金属法兰相同。
　　Bolt patterns and number of bolt holes are the same as Class 150 metal flanges per ANSI B16.5.

衬垫
Gaskets

　　建议采用Shore "A"硬度大约为70、全面、3.2毫米厚的弹性材料衬垫。
　　Full faced, 1/8" thick elastomer gaskets with a Shore "A" Durometer of approximately 70 is recommended.

螺栓力矩
Bolt Torque

　　建议的所需螺栓力矩如下表所示。螺纹应该是清洁的并且经过很好的润滑。这些建议值可能需要根据现场实际情况有所改变。注意：不必要的过大力矩会损坏法兰。
　　Recommended Bolt torque requirement are shown below. Threads should be clean and well lubricated. Actual field conditions may require variations in these recommendations. CAUTION: UNNECESSARY OVER TORQUING WILL DAMAGE THE FLANGE.

法兰
通径
Flange
Size
(in.)		 建议力矩
(英尺·磅)
Recommended
Torque
(ft. lbs.)
DN15~DN40
1/2 - 11/2		 12
DN50~DN100
2 - 4		 25
DN125
5		 30
DN150~DN200
6 - 8		 40
DN250
10		 64
DN300
12		 95
DN350~DN600
14 - 24		 110
 

螺栓紧固顺序
Torque Sequence

　　螺栓应该按照180o直径两端相对两点模式顺序紧固。建议按照下表显示的顺序进行螺栓紧固。
　　Bolts should be tightened in a 180o opposing pattern. Recommended bolt torque sequence is shown in the following table.

常规操作规程概述
General Procedure Outline

　　如果采用一个法兰来连接到管道或阀门上，则连接两个法兰的方法如下：
　　Once a flange is attached to the pipe or valve, the method of joining two flanges is as follows:

步骤1：
Step 1: 		　　如果管道要联接到法兰上，必须以直线方向安装到法兰上，避免由于没有对准而对法兰产生压力。对管道还必须进行保护和支撑，防止可能产生压力的横向运动损坏法兰。
　　Piping runs joined to the flanges must be installed in a straight line position to the flange to avoid stress at the flange due to misalignment. Piping must also be secured and supported to prevent lateral movement which can create stress and damage the flange.
步骤2：
Step 2:		 　　在衬垫放置好后，通过旋转密封环到恰当的位置以对齐配套法兰的螺栓孔。（在与管道连接之前要考虑一件法兰的对齐问题。）
　　With gasket in place, align the bolt holes of the mating flanges by rotating the ring into position. (Consideration should be given to alignment of One-Piece Flange prior to joining with pipe.)
步骤3：
Step 3:		 　　插入所有螺栓、垫圈（每个螺栓配两个标准平垫圈）和螺母。
　　Insert all bolts, washers (two standard flat washers per bolt), and nuts.
步骤4：
Step 4:		 　　在将螺栓插入到法兰之前，确保配对法兰表面直接齐平地对在衬垫上。
　　Make sure the faces of the mating surfaces are flush against gasket prior to bolting down the flanges.
步骤5：
Step 5: 		　　用手紧固螺母直到螺母密合为止。按照上表所示的180o直径两端相对两点顺序以5英尺-磅增量力矩紧固螺栓，在法兰面上均匀地施加压力。
　　Tighten the nuts by hand until they are snug. Establish uniform pressure over the flange face by tightening the bolts in 5 ft.-lbs. increments according to the sequence shown in the above table following a 180o opposing sequence.
步骤6：
Step 6:		 　　如果将美国斯毕尔公司法兰连接到“凸面”法兰或对夹式阀门上，则要小心避免“弯曲”法兰。不要采用螺栓硬将不相配的法兰拉到一起。
　　Care must be taken to avoid "bending" the flange when joining a Spears® flange to a "raised face" flange, or a wafer-style valve. Do not use bolts to bring together improperly mated flanges.
 
温度压力等级
Temperature Pressure Rating
系统工作温度oF (oC)
System Operating
TemperatureoF (oC)		 100
(38)		 110
(43)		 120
(49)		 130
(54)		 140
(60)		 150
(66)		 160
(71)		 170
(77)		 180
(82)		 190
(88)		 200
(93)		 210
(99)
阀门
压力等级
Valve
Pressure
Rating
psi
(MPa)		 PVC 150
(1.03)		 135
(0.93)		 110
(0.76)		 75
(0.52)		 50
(0.34)		 -0-
(-0-)		 -0-
(-0-)		 -0-
(-0-)		 -0-
(-0-)		 -0-
(-0-)		 -0-
(-0-)		 -0-
(-0-)
CPVC 150
(1.03)		 140
(0.97)		 130
(0.90)		 120
(0.83)		 110
(0.76)		 100
(0.69)		 90
(0.62)		 80
(0.55)		 70
(0.48)		 60
(0.41)		 50
(0.34)		 -0-
(-0-)
PP 150
(1.03)		 105
(0.72)		 90
(0.62)		 80
(0.55)		 65
(0.45)		 50
(0.34)		 45
(0.31)		 30
(0.21)		 20
(0.14)		 -0-
(-0-)		 -0-
(-0-)		 -0-
(-0-)
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