阀门及其连接件所采用的金属
Metals Used in Valves & Fittings
铝–有色金属，重量轻，大约是有钢的三分之一。铝具有含好的抗大气腐蚀的性能，但是容易与其它金属发生反应。在阀门上，铝主要作为外部部件的材料，例如手轮或标示标签。
Aluminum–A
non-ferrous metal, very lightweight, approximately one-third as much as
steel. Aluminum exhibits excellent atmospheric corrosion resistance, but
can be very reactive with other metals. In valves, aluminum is mainly
used as an exterior trim component such as a handwheel or identification
tag.
铜–锻造铜最重要的特性是它的导热性和导电性，耐腐蚀性，耐磨性和可锻性。锻造铜在高温应用中具有很好的性能，易于采用焊接或铜焊进行连接。锻造铜特别适合用作连接件材料。
Copper–Among
the most important properties of wrot copper materials are their thermal
and electrical conductivity, corrosion resistance, wear resistance, and
ductility. Wrot copper performs well in high temperature applications
and is easily joined by soldering or brazing. Wrot copper is exclusively
used for fittings.
青铜–青铜时代就发现的最早的合金之一，作为行业标准被广泛用作为额定压力青铜阀门和连接件的材料。青铜比纯铜强度更高，易于铸造，具有改良的机械加工性，易于采用焊接或铜焊进行连接。青铜具有含好的耐点状腐蚀的性能，对于大多数化学物质，青铜的耐腐蚀性并不比纯铜差多少。
Bronze–One
of the first alloys developed in the bronze age is generally accepted
as the industry standard for pressure rated bronze valves and fittings.
Bronze has a higher strength than pure copper, is easily cast, has improved
machinability, and is very easily joined by soldering or brazing. Bronze
is very resistant to pitting corrosion, with general resistance to most
chemicals less than that of pure copper.
硅青铜–不但具有铜的可锻性，具有更好的强度。硅青铜的耐腐蚀性与铜相同，甚至更好。通常用作额定压力阀门的阀杆材料的硅青铜比普通黄铜具有更好的抗应力腐蚀裂纹的性能。
Silicone Bronze–Has
the ductility of copper but much more strength. Silicon bronze has equal
or greater corrosion resistance to that of copper. Commonly used as stem
material in pressure-rated valves, silicon bronze has greater resistance
to stress corrosion cracking than common brasses.
铝青铜–最广泛的应用在蝶阀的阀瓣上，铝青铜能够进行热处理，并且具有钢的强度。外表的铝氧化层结构使得这种金属具有含好的耐腐蚀性。不推荐用于高pH值湿系统。
Aluminum Bronze–The
most widely accepted disc material used in butterfly valves, aluminum
bronze is heat treatable and has the strength of steel. Formation of an
aluminum oxide layer on exposed surfaces makes this metal very corrosion
resistant. Not recommended for high pH wet systems.
黄铜–通常具有很好的耐腐蚀性。在特定的应用场合，对脱锌现象比较敏感；优异的机械性能。锻造黄铜的主要用途是球阀的阀杆和球体，以及铸铁阀门的阀杆。锻造级黄铜被用于球阀阀体和连接端口。
Brass–Generally
good corrosion resistance. Susceptible to de-zincification in specific
applications; excellent machinability. Primary uses for wrot brass are
for ball valve stems and balls, and iron valve stems. A forging grade
of brass is used in ball valve bodies and end pieces.
灰铁–一种铁、碳和硅合金，易于铸造，在类似铸造环境下具有很好的耐压密闭性。灰铁具有很好的阻尼特性，易于机械加工。是作为125磅级和250磅级铁阀体阀门的阀体和阀盖的标准材料。灰铁具有耐腐蚀性，某些环境下甚至比钢还要好。
Gray Iron–An
alloy of iron, carbon and silicon; easily cast; good pressure tightness
in the as-cast condition. Gray iron has excellent dampening properties
and is easily machined. It is standard material for bodies and bonnets
of Class 125 and 250 iron body valves. Gray iron has corrosion resistance
that is improved over steel in certain environments.
球墨铸铁–具有与灰铁相似的成份。经过特殊的处理改进了金相组织，因此具有更好的机械加工性能；一些等级的球墨铸铁经过热处理后具有更好的延展性。采用类似于灰铁的铸造技术，使得球墨铸铁具有钢一样的强度。
Ductile Iron–Has
composition similar to gray iron. Special treatment modifies metallurgical
structure which yields higher mechanical properties; some grades are heat
treated to improve ductility. Ductile iron has the strength properties
of steel using similar casting techniques to that of gray iron.
碳钢– 具有很好的机械性能，很好的抗应力腐蚀和硫化物腐蚀的性能。碳钢具有抗温度波动性能，很坚固耐用，具有优于的抗疲劳性能。主要用于应用温度高达454oC的闸阀、截止阀和止回阀，以及一件式、两件式和三件式球阀。
Carbon Steel–
Very good mechanical properties; good resistance to stress corrosion and
sulfides. Carbon steel has high and low temperature strength, is very
tough and has excellent fatigue strength. Mainly used in gate, globe,
and check valves for applications up to 850oF, and in one-,
two-, and three-piece ball valves.
3%镍铁–具有比灰铁和球墨铸铁更好的耐腐蚀能力。更好的耐温度腐蚀能力和机械性能。特别适用于耐氧化环境。
3% Nickel Iron–Improved
corrosion resistance over gray and ductile iron. Higher temperature corrosion
resistance and mechanical properties. Very resistant to oxidizing atmospheres.
镀镍球墨铸铁–镀镍广泛应用于化工加工领域。这些镀镍具有很好的抗拉强度，50至225 ksi。在某种程度上，材料的硬度也显示了它的耐磨性。镀镍被广泛指定为蝶阀阀瓣的涂层。
Nickel-Plated Ductile Iron–Nickel
coatings have received wide acceptance for use in chemical processing.
These coatings have very high tensile strength, 50 to 225 ksi. To some
extent, the hardness of a material is indicative of its resistance to
abrasion and wear characteristics. Nickel plating is widely specified
as a disc coating for butterfly valves.
400系列不锈钢–一种铁、碳和铬的合金。由于其马氏体组织和含有铁元素，这种不锈钢通常具有磁性。400系列不锈钢具有耐高温氧化性能，以及比碳钢更好的物理和机械性能。大多数400系列不锈钢都是客进行热处理的。在阀门上的主要用途是，蝶阀的阀杆，铸钢阀门的后座衬套及楔形闸板。
400 Series Stainless Steel–An
alloy of iron, carbon, and chromium. This stainless is normally magnetic
due to its martensitic structure and iron-content. 400 series stainless
steel is resistant to high temperature oxidation and has improved physical
and mechanical properties over carbon steel. Most 400 series stainless
steels are heat-treatable. The most common applications in valves are,
for stem material in butterfly valves, and backseat bushings and wedges
in cast steel valves.
316不锈钢–一种铁、碳、镍和铬的合金。一种无磁性不锈钢，比400不锈钢具有更好的延展性。由于具有奥氏体结构，316不锈钢具有很好的耐腐蚀性，适用于更广泛的环境，对于应力腐蚀裂纹并不敏感，不受热处理影响。在阀门上最常用作阀杆、阀体和球体材料。
316 Stainless Steel–An
alloy of iron, carbon, nickel, and chromium. A non-magnetic stainless
steel with more ductility than 400SS. Austinetic in structure, 316 stainless
steel has very good corrosion resistance to a wide range of environments,
is not susceptible to stress corrosion cracking and is not affected by
heat treatment. Most common uses in valves are: stem, body and ball materials.
17-4 PH不锈钢*–一种马氏体沉淀/经久硬化不锈钢，具有很高的强度和硬度。在大多数情况下，17.4
PH比任何400系列不锈钢具有更好的耐腐蚀性能。其耐腐蚀性能接近300系列不锈钢。17.4 PH主要用作蝶阀和球阀的阀杆材料。
17-4 PH Stainless Steel*–Is
a martensitic precipitation/age hardening stainless steel offering high
strength and hardness. 17.4 PH withstands corrosive attack better than
any of the 400 series stainless steels and in most conditions its corrosion
resistance closely approaches that of 300 series stainless steel. 17.4
PH is primarily used as a stem material for butterfly and ball valves.
Alloy 20Cb-3*–这种合金比300系列不锈钢具有更高的镍和铬含量。由于铬含量较高，这种合金延缓应力腐蚀裂纹的产生，并且改善了耐硫酸腐蚀的性能。合金20在所有化工工艺领域具有广泛的应用。通常用作蝶阀的阀内件。
Alloy 20Cb-3*–This
alloy has higher amounts of nickel and chromium than 300 series stainless
steel and with the addition of columbium, this alloy retards stress corrosion
cracking and has improved resistance to sulfuric acid. Alloy 20 finds
wide use in all phases of chemical processing. Commonly used as interior
trim on butterfly valves.
Monel*–一种镍铜合金，主要用于蝶阀和球阀的阀内件。是耐海水和盐水腐蚀最常指定的材料之一。蒙乃尔对于强碱也具有很好的耐腐蚀性。
Monel*–Is
a nickel-copper alloy used primarily as interior trim on butterfly and
ball valves. One of the most specified materials for corrosion resistance
to sea and salt water. Monel is also very resistant to strong caustic
solutions.
Stellite*(钨铬钴合金)–钴基合金，最好的通用表面加硬用合金之一。对于热、冲蚀、腐蚀、撞击、磨损、氧化、热冲击和侵蚀具有很好抵抗力。钨铬钴合金具有很高的抛光度，用作钢阀门的阀座环。通常用于传输等离子体，钨铬钴合金硬度不受热处理的影响。
Stellite*–Cobalt
base alloy, one of the best all-purpose hard facing alloys. Very resistant
to heat, abrasion, corrosion, impact, galling, oxidation, thermal shock
and erosion. Stellite takes a high polish and is used in steel valve seat
rings. Normally applied with transfer plasma-arc; Stellite hardness is
not affected by heat treatment.
Hastelloy C*(耐氧化耐酸镍钼铬钨合金)–一种高镍铬钼合金，对于多种化工工艺环境具有显著的耐腐蚀性，包括强氧化剂，如湿氯、氯气和氯化铁。常温下，耐氧化耐酸镍钼铬钨合金对含硝酸根物质、盐酸和硫酸也具有耐腐蚀性。
Hastelloy C*–A
high nickel-chromium molybdenum alloy which has outstanding resistance
to a wide variety of chemical process environments including strong oxidizers
such as wet chlorine, chlorine gas, and ferric chloride. Hastelloy C is
also resistant to nitric, hydrochloric, and sulfuric acids at moderate
temperatures.
注意：具体问题请参阅美国尼伯科的“耐化学腐蚀性指南”。
Note: See NIBCO’s "Chemical Resistance Guide
Catalog" for specific questions.
*合金20Cb-3是Carpenter Technology的注册商标。
*Alloy 20Cb-3 is a registered trademark of Carpenter
Technology
*Hastelloy C是Cabot Corporation的注册商标。
*Hastelloy C is a registered trademark of Cabot
Corporation
*Stellite是Cabot Corporation的注册商标。
*Stellite is a registered trademark of Cabot Corporation
*Monel是International Nickel的注册商标。
*Monel is a registered trademark of International
Nickel
*17-4 PH不锈钢是Armco Steel Company的注册商标。
*17-4 PH Stainless Steel is a registered trademark
of Armco Steel Company
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