各个材料概览
　　Individual Materials Overview

　　热塑性塑料
　　Thermoplastics

　　PVC - 聚氯乙烯
　　PVC - Poly Vinyl Chloride

　　PVC是管道系统部件中采用最多的热塑性塑料之一，包括：阀门，管件和许多特殊产品。PVC具有极好的耐化学制品及耐腐蚀性能，广泛应用于多种流体，包括水，去离子水，大多数无机酸，脱氧核糖核酸基盐，盐，以及石蜡烃类溶液。建议不要将PVC用于氯化物或芳烃族，酯，或极性溶液，如酮等介质。美国斯毕尔公司PVC材料符合美国材料实验协会ASTM分类Cell Classification 12454（以前分类为类型I，级别1）的要求。PVC产品最高工作温度为60^oC。
　　PVC is one of the most specified thermoplastics for piping system components, including, valves, fittings, flanges, and many specialty products. PVC has excellent chemical and corrosion resistance to a broad range of fluids including water, deionized water, most mineral acids, bases, salts and paraffinic hydrocarbon solutions. PVC is not recommended for use with chlorinated or aromatic hydrocarbons, esters, or polar solvents such as ketones. Spears® PVC materials conform to ASTM Cell Classification 12454 (formerly designated as Type I, Grade 1). The maximum recommended service temperature of PVC products is 140^oF (60^oC).

　　玻璃纤维强化的PVC - Fiberloc®
　　Glass Reinforced PVC - Fiberloc®

　　Fiberloc®是PolyOne有限公司的注册商标。Fiberloc®是一种玻璃纤维强化的PVC合成材料。在保持PVC的传统性能的同时，Fiberloc®由于采用玻璃纤维进行加固强化，因此在强度、硬度和形状尺寸大小稳定性等方面有了加强。Fiberloc®产品最高工作温度为60^oC。
　　Fiberloc® is a registered trademark of PolyOne Corporation. Fiberloc® is a glass fiber reinforced PVC composite material. While maintaining the traditional properties of PVC, Fiberloc® increases its strength, stiffness, and dimensional stability from glass fiber reinforcement. The maximum recommended service temperature of Fiberloc® products is 140^oF (60^oC).

　　CPVC - 氯化聚氯乙烯
　　CPVC - Chlorinated Poly Vinyl Chloride

　　氯化PVC材料的应用温度比PVC高，尤其适合处理热的腐蚀性液体。CPVC的耐化学制品和耐腐蚀性能与PVC类似，增加的氯含量使得CPVC材料具有优异的耐热性。建议不要将CPVC用于氯化物或芳烃族，酯，或极性溶液，如酮等介质。美国斯毕尔公司的CPVC材料符合美国材料实验协会ASTM分类Cell Classification 23447（以前分类为类型IV，级别1）的要求。CPVC产品最高工作温度为93^oC。
　　Chlorinated PVC is used for higher temperature applications than PVC, especially for handling hot corrosive liquids. With similar chemical and corrosion resistance to PVC, increased chlorine content gives CPVC superior thermal resistance. CPVC is not recommended for use with chlorinated or aromatic hydrocarbons, esters, or polar solvents such as ketones. Spears® CPVC materials conform to ASTM Cell Classification 23447 (formerly designated as Type IV, Grade 1). The maximum recommended service temperature of CPVC products is 200^oF (93^oC).

　　玻璃纤维强化CPVC
　　Glass Reinforced CPVC

　　这种特殊的合成材料具有CPVC的主要性能，此外在强度、硬度和形状尺寸大小稳定性等方面由于采用玻璃纤维强化加固而得到增强。玻璃纤维强化CPVC产品最高工作温度为93^oC。
　　This special composite compound has the basic properties of CPVC with additional strength, stiffness, and dimensional stability from glass fiber reinforcement. The maximum recommended service temperature of glass reinforced CPVC products is 200^oF (93^oC).

　　PP - 聚丙烯
　　PP - Polypropylene

　　当要求拥有与PVC或CPVC不同的耐化学制品性能和耐更低温度冲击性能的应用中，美国斯毕尔公司许多种阀门都采用聚丙烯。聚丙烯优异的抗撞击特性使得这种聚合体成为美国斯毕尔公司阀门手柄的选项之一。美国斯毕尔公司的PP材料产品最高工作温度为82^oC。
　　Polypropylene is used in a variety of Spears® valves where different chemical resistance and lower temperature impact resistance is required as compared to PVC or CPVC. The excellent impact resistance characteristics of polypropylene make this polymer the choice for Spears® valve handles. Spears® PP products carry a maximum recommended service temperature of 180^oF (82^oC).

　　玻璃纤维强化PP
　　Glass Reinforced PP

　　当需要在强度和硬度方面比标准PP材料更优异的材料，又要求保持标准PP材料的主要耐化学制品特性时，许多种阀门和阀门附件就需要采用玻璃纤维强化聚丙烯了。
　　Glass reinforced polypropylene is used in numerous valves and valve accessories where additional strength or stiffness is required over standard PP materials while maintaning basically the same range of chemical resistance.

　　Teflon®（特氟隆）是杜邦公司的注册商标。PTFE是PFA在熔化状态下的氟塑料通过柱塞压出工艺处理得到一种材料。这些氟塑料对于大多数化学品、酸碱和溶剂具有实际的惰性。这种材料摩擦力系数很低，以至于被认为是“自我润滑”的材料，因此成为阀门阀座、轴承和止推垫圈的优选材料之一。美国斯毕尔公司采用Teflon®及其他材料，使得美国斯毕尔公司阀门内的许多热塑性塑料部件具有低摩擦力特性。氟塑料的工作温度可达260^oC。
　　Teflon® is a registerred trademark of the DuPont Company. PTFE is a ram extrusion processed while PFA is a melt processed fluoroplastic. These fluoroplastics are virtually inert to most chemicals, acids bases and solvents. Due to their low coefficient of friction, these materials are considered "self-lubricating" making them an excellent choice for valve seats, bearings and thrust washers. Spears® proprietary processing of Teflon® with other materials allows low friction characteristics to be built into a variety of thermoplastic components used in Spears® valves. Fluoroplastics are serviceable to 500^oF (260^oC).

　　Teflon® HDPE
　　Teflon® HDPE

　　美国斯毕尔公司将Teflon®高密度聚乙烯合成材料应用于各种阀门阀座，轴承垫圈和其他要求耐久性和更好的润滑性的阀门部件上。HDPE的耐化学品性能比LDPE略高，通常超过PVC和CPVC。HDPE对于酸、酒精和碱具有优异的耐抗性。与PVC和CPVC相比，HDPE对于氧化剂的耐抗性要稍弱一些。HDPE的工作温度可达110^oC。
　　Spears® proprietary composition of Teflon® and High Density Polyethylene is used in a variety of valve seats, bearing washers, and other valve components requiring durability and improved lubricity. The chemical resistance of HDPE is somewhat higher than of LDPE and generally exceeds that of PVC and CPVC. HDPE has excellent resistance to acids, alcohols and bases. In comparison to PVC and CPVC, HDPE is somewhat less resistance to oxidizing agents. HDPE is serviceable to 230^oF (110^oC).

　　LXT™ （低提取）PVC
　　LXT™ (Low Extractable) PVC

　　LXT™是开发出来的一种特殊PVC材料，用于超高纯度水和其他高纯度应用场合。经过第三方独立测试，对于19.2兆欧姆去离子水，LXT™ PVC对于阴离子、阳离子和许多痕量金属的滤去具有极高的耐抗性，同时还保持安装的简便性。LXT™与常规PVC具有相同的基本耐化学品性能。
　　LXT™ is a special PVC material developed for use in UPW (Ultra Pure Water) and other high purity applications. Independently tested, LXT™ PVC provides superior resistance to regular PVC for leaching of anion, cation, and numerous trace metals when subjected to 18.2 megohm deionized water while maintaining ease of installation. LXT™ has the same basic chemical resistance as regular PVC.

　　弹性材料
　　Elastomers

　　EPR (EPDM) - 乙烯丙烯橡胶
　　EPR (EPDM) - Ethylene propylene rubber

　　用于O形环密封，EPR主要用于水，加氯水，稀酸和稀碱，酒精，对于臭氧具有很好的耐抗性。EPR不适合用于石油，二酯润滑剂，强酸，或强碱。EPR最高工作温度为149^oC。
　　Used in O-ring seals, EPR is recommended for water, chlorinated water, dilute acids and alkalines, alcohols, and has excellent resistance to ozone. EPR is not recommended for petroleum oils, di-ester lubricants, strong acids, or strong alkalines. The maximum recommended service temperature of EPR is 300^oF (149^oC).